“Instead of ink, we’re substituting components such as a growth medium and cells–which, just like ink, can be directed through the nozzle onto the ‘paper’ material,” said Thomas Boland, an assistant bioengineering professor at Clemson. In this case, the paper is actually plastic which can be placed in a petri dish for further study. Scientist believe that the technique can contribute to medicine as the printing press contributed to communications.
Printers were adapted to control the many variables involved in handling living tissue. The ink cartridges are washed out and filled with living cells and a bio-gel. The printing is done in layers alternating cells and bio-gel. When the 3-D structure is completed, the bio-gel is removed and all cells are left behind.
Like printing different colors, placing different types of cells in the ink cartridges should make it possible to create complex structures consisting of multiple cell types such as organs
Getting the science and technology to that point, however, could take 10-15 years, they warned. “As exciting as this is, it’s still in the very earliest stages.
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